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In this post, we are gonna discuss 

  • Python Operators, as well as, 
  • Different types of operators in Python.

operators in python


Operators in Python

  • The operator is a special symbol that specifies which operations you will perform on the values of various data types.
  • Python divides the operator's type into these categories: 
    • Arithmetic operators,
    • Assignment operators,
    • Comparison operators,
    • Logical operators,
    • Membership operator,
    • Identity operators
    • and Bitwise operators

Arithmetic operators

Used with numeric values to perform mathematical operations.

+ Operator (Addition)

Addition operation " add value to another value".

Ex:

x = 5
y = 6
print(x + y) #the output will be 11

- Operator (Subtraction)

Used to subtract a value from another value.

Ex:

x = 5
y = 6
print(y - x)# the output will be 1

* Operator (Multiplication)

Used to multiply two values.

Ex:

x = 5
y = 6
print(x * y)# the output will be 30

/ Operator (Division)

Used to divide two values.

Ex:

x = 30
y = 6
print(x / y) # the output will be 5

% Operator (Module)

Return the division remainder.

Ex:

x = 5
y = 2
print(x % y)# the output will be 1

** Operator (Exponentiation)

Raises the first number to the power of the second.

    Ex:

    x = 2
    y = 5
    print(x ** y)# the output will be 32 same as 2*2*2*2*2

    // Operator (Floor division)

    Divides and returns the integer value of the quotient. It dumps the digits after the decimal.

    Ex:

    x = 15
    y = 2
    print(x // y)# the output will be 7 
    

    Assignment operators

    We will list some of the most used assignment operations:

    "= " The assignment operator 

    Assigns the value of its right-hand operand to a variable.

    Ex:

    x=2
    print(x)# the output will be 2

    += The addition assignment operator

    Add a value to a variable in the same line.

    Ex:

    x=2
    x+=1 # means x=x+1
    
    print(x) # the output will be 3

    - = The subtraction assignment operator

    Add a value to a variable in the same line.

    Ex:

    x=2
    x-=1 # means x=x-1
    
    print(x) # the output will be 1

    *= Operator "Multiply and Assign"

    Ex:

    x=2
    x*=2 # means x=x*2
    print(x) # the output will be 4

    /= Operator "Divide and Assign"

    Ex:

    x=2
    x/=2 # means x=x/2
    print(x) # the output will be 1

    %= Operator " Modulus and Assign"

    Ex:

    x=5
    x%=3 # means x=x%3
    print(x) # the output will be 2

    //= Operator "Floor divide and Assign"

    Ex:

    x=5
    x//=3 # means x=x//3
    print(x) # the output will be 1

    **= Operator " Exponent and Assign"

    Ex:

    x=5
    x**=3 # means x=x**3
    print(x) # the output will be 125

    Logical Operators

    Logical operations used to perform logical operations such as AND operation "and", OR operation "or" and the "not" negation operation.

    AND Operator:

    • It gives true only if the two operands is true.
    • If one of the operands is false, the AND operator will evaluate it to false.

    Ex:

    x=5
    print(x>2 and x<6)# the output will be true

     or Operator:

    • It gives true if one of the two operands at least is true.
    • If the two operands are false, the OR operator will evaluate it to false.

    Ex:

    x=5
    print(x>2 || x<4) # the output will be true one condition is true x>2

    Negation  Operator "not":

    It reverses the result, and it gives true if the result is false and false if the result is true.

    Ex:

    x=5
    print(not(x>2 or x<4)) # the output will be false 

    Comparison Operators

    Comparison operators used to compare two values.

    "==" Equal to: 

    Ex:

    x=5
    y=6
    print(x == y) # the output will be false

    "!=" Not Equal to: 

    Ex:

    x=5
    y=6
    print(x != y) # the output will be true

    ">" Greater than and "<" less than

    Ex:

    x=5
    y=6
    print(x > y) # the output will be false
    print(x<y) # the output will be true

    ">=" Greater than or Equal  and "<=" Less than or Equal

    Ex:

    x=5
    y=5
    print(x >= y)# the output will be true
    print(x <= y)# the output will be true

    Identity Operators

    • Test if the two operands share an identity.
    • Compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location
    • Python divides them into "is" and "is not" operator.

    is operator

    x = ["red", "yellow"]
    y = ["red", "yellow"]
    z = x
    print(x is y) # the output will be false even if they have the same content
    print(x is z) # the output will be true
    

    is not operator

    x = ["red", "yellow"]
    y = ["red", "yellow"] 
    z = x
    print(x is not y) # the output will be true even if they have the same content
    print(x is not z) # the output will be false 
    

    Membership Operators

    • These Python operators check if a value is a member of a sequence " string, list, tuple".
    • There are two memberships operator in Python "in" and "not in".

    in operator

    • Checks if a value "sequence of value" is present in the sequence.
    • It returns true if it found the value in the sequence otherwise it return false.

    Ex:

    x = ["red", "yellow"]
    print("red" in x)#the output will be true as the sequence red is a member of the list.

    not in operator

    • Checks if a value "sequence of value" is not present in the sequence.
    • It returns true if it didn't find the value in the sequence otherwise it returns false.

    Ex:

    x = ["red", "yellow"]
    print("red" not in x)#the output will be false as the sequence red is a member of the list.

    Bitwise operators

    Used in the comparison of binary numbers.

    & operator "and"

    sets the bit to 1 if the two bits are 1 otherwise if one bit at least 0 then it sets the bit to 0

    Ex:

    print(2&3) #the output will be 2

    since the binary for 2 is 10 and the binary for 3 is 11  then when " and " the bits of (2&3) it will be  (10 &11) =(10) the bits of 2 so the result will be 2

    | operator "or"

    Sets the bit to 1 if one of the two bits at least is 1 otherwise if the two bits is 0 then it sets the bit to 0

    Ex:

    print(2|3) #the output will be 3

    since the binary for 2 is 10 and the binary for 3 is 11  then when " or " the bits of (2|3) it will be  (10 |11) =(11) the bits of 3 so the result will be 3.

    ^ operator "xor:exclusive or"

    sets the bit to 1 if only one of the two bits is 1 otherwise it will be 0.

    Ex:

    print(2^3) #the output will be 1

    since the binary for 2 is 10 and the binary for 3 is 11  then when " xor " the bits of (2^3) it will be  (10 ^11) =(01) the bits of 1 so the result will be 1.

    ~ operator "binary one's complement"

    It inverts all the bits 1 to 0 and 0 to 1.

    Ex:

    print(~2) #the output will be -3

    since the binary for 2 is 00000010 when " ~" the bits of (~2) it will be  (11111101) the bits of -3 so the result will be -3.

    << operator "binary left shift"

     x<<y It shifts the bits of the first operand x to the left numbers of placing depending on the second operand value y.

    Ex:

    print(2<<2) #the output will be 8

    Since the binary for 2 is 00000010 when " <<" the bits of (<<<2) two places:

    The second operand value here is 2" it will be (1000) the bits of 8. so the result will be 8.

    >> operator "binary right shift"

     x>>y It shifts the bits of the first operand x to the right numbers of placing depending on the second operand value y.

    Ex:

    print(3<<2) #the output will be 0

    since the binary for 3 is 11 when " >>" the bits of (>>3) two places :the second operand value here is 2" it will be  (00) the bits of 0 so the result will be 0.


    Conclusion 

    in this post we discussed Python operators:

    • Arithmetic operators,
    • Assignment operators,
    • Comparison operators,
    • Logical operators,
    • Membership operator,
    • Identity operators
    • and Bitwise operators

    See also


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